Delivering retrofit at scale, Getting started in retrofit, Retrofit technical considerations

Understanding the fabric first approach

Introduction

The UK government has set an ambitious target to achieve net zero carbon emissions in the housing sector by 2050. This commitment involves transforming the way homes are built, renovated, and powered, aiming to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the housing stock. 2050 is the long-term ambition. On the journey to that ambition, social housing providers are working towards ensuring their housing stock meets an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating of band C by 2030. To achieve this, they will need to deliver a combination of retrofit measures focussing on building fabric improvements and improvements to building services.

Published: 16 March 2026

The fabric first approach to net zero retrofitting involves improving a building’s energy performance primarily through modifications to its physical fabric, rather than solely relying on advanced technologies and renewable energy systems. This approach is built on the principle of minimising energy demand first before any change to building services by enhancing the building envelope and employing passive design strategies.

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